Mycena - Tumblr Posts
Funguary 5 - Hairy Mycena
I like this one a lot too :D Hairy Mycena!
Shy Mycena Interrupta
Happy Funguary everyone!
Funguary by @feefal
Based on this beauty ^
I don’t know, this one is weird… FUNGUARY 14 mycena interrupta #funguary #funguary2023 #funguary2022 #funguarychallenge #mycena #marker #markerart https://www.instagram.com/p/CopNX7jKiTp/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=
Pixie's parasols - Mycena interrupta
This post will discuss multiple features of M. interrupta, including microscopic features. I would like to note that some of the given measurements in µm might not be entirely correct. The measurements differ per source I have found.
Biology and ecology
M. interrupta is a saprotrophic basidiomycete.¹ In other words it is a mushroom that feeds on non-living organic matter (detritus) and whose spores develop in the basidia.
This species primarily grows gregariously (in groups), however, sometimes it grows solitary or more dispersed. It can usually be found on eucalyptus logs or stumps in Oceania.¹ Otherwise they can be found in Nothofagus forests.²
Fruitbody, spores and microscopic features
The cap is 8 millimeters³ to 20 millimeters in diameter and about 4 milimeters high.¹ While it is globose when emergent, as they age they become convex with a slightly depressed center. The surface of the cap is shiny, gelatinous, transluscent, and striate (striped). The cap has a dull-blue hue in the center and near the edges have a more cyan-blue colour.¹
The gill attachment is adnate to free and the gills are moderately close to distant. The margins of the gills are blue and their sides white. There can also be one or two series of lamellulae.¹
M. interrupta has a central stipe which is up to 22 millimetres long and 2 millimetres thick. The surface of the stipe is often pruinose¹, meaning that it seems to be covered with some kind of frost or a powdery secretion. The stem is transluscent white and is attached to the wooden substrate by a bluish basal disc, which often fades to white.¹
The spores of M. interrupta are white, smooth, ellipsoid, or rarely sub globose. These basidiospores are 8-12 x 5.5-9 µm. The basidia are four-spored or sometimes two-spored, with stout sterigmata to 9 µm long; clavate or pear-shaped, with clamp connection at base.¹
Distribution and range
In Australia and New Zealand this species of Mycena is found in Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, South Australia, and Queensland.⁴ This species can also be found in South-America, specifically in Chile.
Two other species, Mycena cyanocephala found in Chile and Mycena veneta from New Zealand have been shown to be identical to Mycena interrupta. This distribution suggests that this species has its origins in the flora of Gondwana.⁵
Links to M. interrupta images:
Text references:
1.
https://www.fncv.org.au/fungi-in-australia/
-> https://www.fncv.org.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/fungi_in_australia/fia-3-basidio-agarico-I.pdf
-> Pages 316 to 317.
2.
3.
4.
5.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Maybe a fun fact, if you aren't Australian, or just didn't know yet:))
Eucalyptus forests or sclerophyll forests are the most common types of forests in Australia and most species of eucalyptus are native to Australia.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mutuals:
Hiyaaaa, some more mycology info:) I know that some of you quite like the Mycena genus, so I hope you'll enjoy this post:))
@squidsandthings
@plants-and-thingz
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
In this post I mentioned:
"Two other species, Mycena cyanocephala found in Chile and Mycena venata from New Zealand have been shown to be identical to Mycena interrupta."
This is about Rolf Singer's described M. cyanocephala in Chile. Which can be seen below.
Rolf Singer's description is not about the newly discovered Mycena subcyanocephala, which can be found in Taiwan. It looks like this:
This image is from iNaturalist.
I wanted to clear this up and make sure I was not spreading any misinformation:))
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mutuals:
@squidsandthings
@plants-and-thingz
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
Pixie's parasols - Mycena interrupta
This post will discuss multiple features of M. interrupta, including microscopic features. I would like to note that some of the given measurements in µm might not be entirely correct. The measurements differ per source I have found.
Biology and ecology
M. interrupta is a saprotrophic basidiomycete.¹ In other words it is a mushroom that feeds on non-living organic matter (detritus) and whose spores develop in the basidia.
This species primarily grows gregariously (in groups), however, sometimes it grows solitary or more dispersed. It can usually be found on eucalyptus logs or stumps in Oceania.¹ Otherwise they can be found in Nothofagus forests.²
Fruitbody, spores and microscopic features
The cap is 8 millimeters³ to 20 millimeters in diameter and about 4 milimeters high.¹ While it is globose when emergent, as they age they become convex with a slightly depressed center. The surface of the cap is shiny, gelatinous, transluscent, and striate (striped). The cap has a dull-blue hue in the center and near the edges have a more cyan-blue colour.¹
The gill attachment is adnate to free and the gills are moderately close to distant. The margins of the gills are blue and their sides white. There can also be one or two series of lamellulae.¹
M. interrupta has a central stipe which is up to 22 millimetres long and 2 millimetres thick. The surface of the stipe is often pruinose¹, meaning that it seems to be covered with some kind of frost or a powdery secretion. The stem is transluscent white and is attached to the wooden substrate by a bluish basal disc, which often fades to white.¹
The spores of M. interrupta are white, smooth, ellipsoid, or rarely sub globose. These basidiospores are 8-12 x 5.5-9 µm. The basidia are four-spored or sometimes two-spored, with stout sterigmata to 9 µm long; clavate or pear-shaped, with clamp connection at base.¹
Distribution and range
In Australia and New Zealand this species of Mycena is found in Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, South Australia, and Queensland.⁴ This species can also be found in South-America, specifically in Chile.
Two other species, Mycena cyanocephala found in Chile and Mycena veneta from New Zealand have been shown to be identical to Mycena interrupta. This distribution suggests that this species has its origins in the flora of Gondwana.⁵
Links to M. interrupta images:
Text references:
1.
https://www.fncv.org.au/fungi-in-australia/
-> https://www.fncv.org.au/wp-content/uploads/publications/fungi_in_australia/fia-3-basidio-agarico-I.pdf
-> Pages 316 to 317.
2.
3.
4.
5.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Maybe a fun fact, if you aren't Australian, or just didn't know yet:))
Eucalyptus forests or sclerophyll forests are the most common types of forests in Australia and most species of eucalyptus are native to Australia.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mutuals:
Hiyaaaa, some more mycology info:) I know that some of you quite like the Mycena genus, so I hope you'll enjoy this post:))
@squidsandthings
@plants-and-thingz
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
Mycena subcyanocephala
This post will discuss Mycena subcyancophala, a very recently discovered species of fungi, found in Taiwan.
Fruitbody, spores and microscopic features
Mycena subcyanocephala might be one of the smallest mushrooms in the world, being about 1 milimetre tall. It is a part of the Mycenaceae family.¹
This species is characterized by their tomentulose (seemingly covered with hair) fruitbodies, a white cap with pale blue toned, thin-walled pileiocystidia (on the cap) and white caulocystidia (on the stipe), smooth round-headed cheilocystidia, inamyloid basidiospores, and the 2-spored basidia (visible in the picture below: B). ²
Mycena subcyanocephala. A. Basidiospores. B. Basidia. C. Cheilocystidia. D. Pileipellis. E.
Ecology and distribution
Mycena subcyanocephala is a lignicolous species of the section Spinosae², meaning that it lives or grows in or on wood.
This species has been found in (sub)tropical Taiwan. ³
Images links:
Text references:
1.
2.
3.
https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail/10132732-201912-201910010006-201910010006-9-17
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Note:
I was able to find very little on this species of fungi, I hope that most of it is correct. However, because so little is known, I cannot guarantee the validity of the information. Additionally, because of the lack of information, I cannot conclude anything or be sure about possibly correlated information.
Either way, I hope it is sufficient and you will enjoy the post:))
Mutuals:
@squidsandthings
@plants-and-thingz
@flamingears
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@lameotello
Night light mushroom - Mycena chlorophos
This post will discuss Mycena chlorophos, a bioluminescent fungus found in subtropical Asia.
Fruitbody
M. chlorophos' cap is initially convex before flattening out and often does not exceed 30 mm in diameter. The cap has radial grooves extending to nearly the center (around where the stem connects to the cap) and its margin has small rounded teeth. It has a pale brownish gray colour that fades with growth and it is thinly coated by a somewhat sticky substance. ¹
The gill attachment is free, or adnexed to a slight collar encircling the stem. Initially white then grayish in color, they are somewhat crowded, with 17–32 full-length gills and 1 to 3 tiers of lamellulae*. The gills are 0.3–1 mm wide with micaceous edges.¹
The whiteish stem is 6–30 mm long and 0.3–1 mm thick. The stipe is hollow, translucent and tomentulose (seemingy covered with hair). The base of the stem is disc-shaped or somewhat bulbous, measuring 1–2.5 mm wide. ¹
Bioluminescence (macroscopic and microscopic)
The distribution of luminescence in M. chlorophos is not homogenous. The light intensity in the cap and gills is greater than in the stipe. ² Wether the mycelium is biolumiscent, is not certain from my research. While text source 1 says that the mycelium has little to no luminescence, text source 4 claims that the mycelium is bioluminescent. So it might be bioluminescent, but it might also not be.
On microscopic scale, the luminescence processes are localized to the membrane of the hymenium and basidia cells of the gill. Some parts of the luminescence system are also known to be on the surface of the cell membrane. ²
Spores and microscopic features
The spores are white, smooth, roughly elliptical, and are 7–8.5 by 5–6 μm. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are 17–23 by 7.5–10 μm, and four-spored with sterigmata around 3 μm long. The paraphyses are 5–8 μm wide, shorter than the basidia, more abundant and form a somewhat gelatinous layer.
The cheilocystidia (cystidia on the cap edge) are 60 by 7–21 μm, hyaline, conical or ventricose. The tips of the cheilocystidia are drawn out to a point, or have a short appendage measuring 15 by 2–3 μm, which is sometimes branched, and is thin or slightly thick-walled. There are no pleurocystidia (cystidia on the gills). Pileocystidia (cystidia on the surface of the cap) are club-shaped, measuring 25–60 by 13–25 μm. They are somewhat thick-walled, and spiny on the exposed surface with short outgrowths extending up to 3 μm long. The pileocystidia are joined together and form a continuous layer over the young cap, but break up as the cap expands. The caulocystidia (cystidia on the stem) are conical or lance-shaped, hyaline, and smooth, with walls that are thin or slightly thickened. They measure up to 300 by 10–25 μm, but are shorter in the upper regions of the stem.¹
M. chlorophos are dikaryotic and have clamp connections present throughout the hyphae.²
A, (left) in light; (right) fruiting body in the dark; inset shows top view of the pileus. B, basidia. C, spores. D, caulocystidia. E, cheilocystidia. F, surface view of pileipellis terminal cells embedded in gelatinous matrix of the pileus. ³
Scale bars represent 20 μm, except in (A), where it represents 1 cm. ³
Ecology and distribution
The fungus is found in subtropical Asia, including India, Japan, Taiwan, Polynesia, Indonesia, and Sri Lanka, in Australia, and Brazil.¹
Fruitbodies can be found growing in groups in forests on fallen woody debris such as dead twigs, branches, and logs. In other words it is a saprobic mushroom. The fungus requires a proper range of humidity to form mushrooms.¹ Under extremely moist conditions fruitbodies will become deformed and under extremely dry conditions the mushroom caps become warped and broken.²
The optimum temperature for the growth of mycelia is 27 °C, while the optimum for the growth of primordia is 21 °C. These temperatures are consistent with the subtropical climate in which it is typically found. Peak luminescence occurs at 27 °C, and about 25–39 hours after the primordia begin to form, when the cap has fully expanded. At 21 °C, luminescence persists for about 3 days, and becomes undetectable to the naked eyes about 72 hours after primordium initiation . ¹
The most probable reason the fungus glows has to do with spore dispersal. The luminescent properties of the fungus attracts many insects that while eating from the mushroom also help spreading the spores.⁴
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Images:
Text references:
1.
2.
3.
4.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Notes
The term marked*:
Lamellulae - shorter gills that do not extend fully from the cap margin to the stem.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mutuals:
@squidsandthings
@plants-and-thingz
@fairy-tales-of-yesterday
@flamingears
@lameotello
@lovelyalicorn